Evaluation of the use of pebbles and by-products as additional cement material

In recent years, the use of complementary cement materials (SCMS) has increased in building materials due to concerns about the CO₂ Emissions from the cement industry. On the other hand, the lack of traditional SCMS sources in certain regions intensifies the question of high demand for these materials in concrete production. In this context, this article examines the chemical, mineralogical, morphological and physical properties and the puzzle activity of two types of pebbles-earth (DE), which have been obtained from industrial waste and by-products. The waste was divided into two categories: DE (DE-LD) and DE-HD with high density (DE-HD), which represent particles that are attached to the cyclone wall, and those who are suitable for use as filter material or/ the charger is missing. The results showed that both types of de -types are rich in silicon oxide and have a highly porous surface. DE-LD and particles smaller than 0.075 mm DE-HD contain more amorphous phases. DE-HD consists of a mixture of quartz sand and de-particles. Both de-types have a lower apparent specific mass compared to cement, with the DE-LD for its high specific surface (~ 8.7 times as high as the cement) and an even particle size distribution. Pozzolan activity tests show that the DE-LD has greater reactivity while the