Cement is one of the most important ingredients in the production of concrete, the most commonly used building material in the world. Concrete exists through a chemical reaction called hydration that occurs when it is combined with water. This inorganic powder has the power to form entire skylines and requires careful handling. When used correctly, cement forms the basis of engineering wonders. If mismanaged, it can lead to structural defects and dangerous consequences.
“When maintaining safety on a construction site, the need for someone to supervise can go a long way,” commented Engr. Md. Shamsul Alam, Principal Structural Engineer at the Designers and Managers (TDM).
For all the latest news, follow Daily Star Google News Channel. The basics of construction safety
Before diving into cement-specific guidelines, it is important to understand the broader context of construction safety. Protective equipment is non-negotiable on a construction site. Helmets, gloves, steel boots and high-visibility vests form the first line of defense against common accidents. For cement work, specifically add safety branches and dust masks to protect the eyes and lungs from cement particles, which can be harmful if inhaled. Regular training sessions should be held to reinforce safety protocols, address new risks, and remind workers of best practices.
A Guide to Different Types of Cement
There are mainly two types of cement commonly produced in our country, namely CEM I and CEM II. “Different areas or buildings require certain types of cement. Unfortunately, consumer awareness in our country is quite low. The selection of the The appropriate type of cement is crucial to the durability of your construction,” said Mollah Mohammad Manju, Managing Director of Crown Cement.
CEM I is known as Portland Cement (PC), which constitutes 95% of clinker and has no SCM (complementary siliceous materials such as fly ash, slag, silica fumes).
CEM II cement is known as Portland Composite Cement (PCC), where part of the clinker is replaced by various mineral trees or combinations of various mineral admixtures such as fly ash, slag, limestone, silica fume. The amount of replacement clinker varies between 20% and 35%. There are nineteen subclasses of cement in this category. Among them, subclades CEM II/AM and CEM II/BM are commonly produced in Bangladesh.
It is important to note that the quality of mineral content plays a crucial role in PCC (CEM-II) cement. The quality can vary depending on the sources of the mineral mixtures. “Understanding the properties of different cements is essential for proper use. Key aspects such as fineness, determination of time and strength should always be taken into consideration and both workers and engineers must remain vigilant about these,” added principal civil engineer Alam of Add TDM.
In short, PC provides rapid strength for quickly specified needs, while PCC ensures durability against environmental challenges such as exposure to sulfates and chlorides. Additionally, structural design engineers may specify specific types of cement for specific structural elements within the design drawings.
Store and handle with care
Improper storage and handling of cement can affect the quality of the cement and pose risks. Even a small amount of moisture can cause cement to clump and lose its binding properties. “Generally, a bag of cement should be used within 60 days of production. If the storage condition is good, it is possible to store for 90 days or longer,” said an expert from Crown Cement. In case of doubt, cement should be tested before use.
Dry and Elevated: Cement should be stored in a cool and dry area, preferably on wooden platforms to keep it off the ground. The platform should be at least 200 mm above the ground and 300 mm (12 inches) from the brick walls. This prevents moisture from seeping in from each side.
Stack wisely: The maximum height of the stack must be 15 bags and no more than 4 bags. If stacks are more than eight bags high, the bags should be arranged alternately lengthwise and crosswise.
FIFO principle: Follow the FIFO (first in, first out) method. Older cement should be used first to prevent it from exceeding its shelf life.
Lift with caution: Because cement bags are heavy, use proper lifting techniques to avoid back injury or use mechanical aids when possible. Hooks should not be used while moving cement.
Avoid Contact: Direct skin contact with cement may cause burns or rashes. Always wear gloves and long sleeves when handling. If cement enters the eye, wash immediately with enough water and seek medical attention. Workers must use protective hand and face coverings while on site.
While cement is essential, it also contributes to CO₂ emissions. Integration of sustainable practices, e.g. Such as mixed cements with fly ash or slag to reduce carbon footprints, disposing of excess cement responsibly and only daily requirements to minimize waste, not only benefits the planet but also improves the safety of the site. In addition, the environmentally friendly production process that reduces energy consumption and advanced technologies that lower health hazards and pollution needs to be made mainstream in the industry.