The increase in greenhouse gas emissions (greenhouse gas) has accelerated global warming, which led to quick changes in climate systems such as glacier retreat and increasing sea level. In the past 30 years, the average temperature in South Korea has risen by 1.4 ° C and the average precipitation has increased by 124 mm compared to the early 20th century. An approach that emphasizes reduction and adaptation is important to tackle the climate crisis. Carbon dioxide (CO2) missions from the combustion of fossil fuels and industrial processes make up 76 % of artificial greenhouse gas emissions [1]. The construction sector accounts for 31 % of global energy consumption and 29 % of carbon emissions [2]. Since the demand for and producing construction tubes is expected, the carbon emissions from the building sector will be increased significantly in the future [3]. Therefore, the efforts to reduce carbon emissions in buildings have increased regulations, and ongoing research focused on the implementation of energy-efficient buildings, the replacement of building materials and the use of renewable energy in order to achieve sustainable net zero energy buildings (NZEBS), use the use of renewable energies to replace sustainable To purchase net zero zero zero. [[4]Present [5]Present [6]Present [7]].
The European Union (EU) aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 60 % compared to 1990, whereby the heat energy requirement is reduced by 18 %. Similarly, the USA determined the goal of halving its CO2 footprint by 2030. In South Korea, the updated 2021 “2030 National contribution (NDC)” describes an ambitious goal of reducing a reduction in the SHG emissions of 40 %, the goals of GHG emissions, the goals of GHG emissions, to 4.17 %annually, the goals of the large countries, the EU (2.81 %) (2.81 %) (2.81 %) (2.81 %), and UK (1.98 %), (1.98 %), (1.98 %) (2.81 %). %). South Korea has expanded zero energy buildings and green renovation projects to achieve these goals, which promotes progress with high efficiency, high supply materials and technologies for renewable energies. According to the THG statistics from statistics Korea, emissions fell only by 2.24 % compared to 2021 in 2022, which underlines the need for more robust strategies to reduce carbon reducing.
The production and processing stages of materials used in renewable energy systems and high-performance building materials [8]. It is therefore important to concentrate on the production and management aspects of building materials in order to reduce their embodied energy. Concrete with low -carbon carbon concrete mixed with industrial by -products such as flight ash or geopolymer concrete, recycled materials and sustainable coatings and surfaces that are free of fleeting organic compounds can reduce the environmental influences of buildings. Under various solutions, wood as a renewable material as a building material with a significant carbon reduction potential gains attention to attention, since it absorbs caron dioxide during growth and acts as carbon sinks. Long -term wood usage is very effective for temporary carbon storage and emission reductions [7]. Countries such as the Netherlands, France, Japan and Canada have implemented guidelines that prescribe the use of wood or environmentally friendly materials in construction in order to promote sustainable practices. For example, the Netherlands forces the “Green Deal-Holzbau”, in which new buildings have to include wood or other environmentally friendly materials. France mandates that at least 50 % of the materials used in new public buildings should consist of wood or natural substances [9]. Japan demands that wood to be used in public buildings with fewer than three stories [10]And the “Wood First Act” in Canada prioritizes wood for state -funded projects. Although the global efforts to promote wood use increase, South Korea lacks sufficient laws to support its widespread adoption in the construction sector.
The timber construction in South Korea was limited to small buildings. The development of mass wood; Technical wood products that combine or mechanically connect or mechanically connect to improve the strength and stability; has emerged as a practical alternative to concrete for large -scale structural applications. The types of mass wood include glulam, destructible wood (CLT) and laminated veneer wood (LVL). CLT has received special attention due to its energy advantages. Studies in Brazil [11] and South Korea [12] have confirmed the energy-saving effects of CLT walls under different climatic conditions. In addition, CLT was identified as a sustainable alternative to concrete and steel in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions [13,14]. Greene et al. [15] showed that office buildings in the middle, which used mass wood structures, reduced carbon emissions by 80–99 % compared to steel structures. Fig. 1 shows international examples of buildings that have been built with wood and highlight the environmental and sustainability advantages of using technical wood materials such as CLT.
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Ascent Tower: exposes the annual carbon emissions of approximately 1,100 households in Milwaukee
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Mjøstårnet: saves about 2,000 tons of CO2 in its wood structure
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Hoho Vienna: Reduced 2,800 tons of CO2 Compared to a traditional reinforced concrete structure
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Brock Commons Tallwood House: avoided 2,432 tons of CO2 Emissions – corresponds to the removal of 511 cars from the load for one year
While some buildings are only built with only constructed wood, CLT is often combined with concrete or steel in hybrid systems in order to meet the requirements for structural and fire security. This approach uses the light and sustainable nature of the wood and improves the capacity of the load, fire resistance and the seismic performance. These buildings gain attention as a models for environmentally friendly construction. In South Korea, a gradual roadmap for mandatory zero energy building (ZEB) is implemented in order to achieve carbon neutrality and prioritize public buildings. With the integration of timber construction and existing energy-saving technologies, South Korea can effectively achieve its NDC targets. Therefore, the carbon reducing potential of timber construction in public buildings and the carbon storage and the reduction capacity of wood are analyzed in order to assess your role in achieving sustainable development and the climate goals.
Despite the growing interest in technical wood, the use of CLT in actual public buildings beyond a family home in South Korea is still limited. Most large -scale wooden buildings were landmarks or demonstration projects and non -systemic examples of decarbonized construction work. An essential barrier was the lack of standardized performance data and political support for the use of CLT in the conventional public infrastructure. In order to take this gap into account, this study examines a recently built community center – a typical typical structure typology, which is promoted by local governments – as a test bed for the analysis of the effects of hybrid CLT applications. Through the simulation of various CLT substitution scenarios, the study aims to evaluate the carbon and energy output of mass wood systems in a realistic context. The results will help inform political decisions about the introduction of natural solutions such as CLT to achieve South Korea's carbon neutrality goals.
Direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions from buildings can be used depending on various factors such as building materials, construction methods and buildings. As a result, the method of life cycle evaluation (LCA), which shows high logical accuracy and accuracy when assessing the environmental impact of buildings, frequently used in numerous studies to evaluate the carbon emissions of buildings over its entire life cycle. From material production to the end of life [24]. Building materials are the primary provisions of the factors that influence carbon emissions. For example, Yu et al. [25] With LCA to evaluate the carbon reduction potential of bamboo -structured buildings, which include traditional Chinese architectural concepts as alternatives to concrete buildings with high carbon emissions. In addition, LCA methods have confirmed that buildings with additional cement materials (SCMS) are included. [26]Bio -based materials [27]and clt [[28]Present [29]Present [30]]can effectively reduce carbon emissions. In addition, Sravani et al. [31] Used LCA and Building Club Modeling (BIM) for analyzing the environmental impact of roof plate materials. Ciacci and bazzocchi [32] Compare scenarios for carbon reduction for the development of Italian buildings using LCA and proposed optimal remodeling strategies. With progress in construction technologies, building materials and techniques have diversified. Prepared construction methods with pre -production stages were increasingly used, which led to variations of carbon emissions. Luo and Chen [24] and Xu et al. [33] concentrated on pre -made buildings and evaluated differences in carbon emissions using the LCA method. Another approach to reduction in carbon in buildings is the improvement of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HLK) system [5] and implement energy -efficient technologies [34,35] Reduction of operational emissions.
Building on this research background, this study focuses on the efficiency of the carbon reduction of CLT external hiking substitution in small community centers, which are part of the efforts of the decarbonization of public buildings in South Korea. The LCA methodology is used in this study to evaluate the carbon reducers based on different substitutional relationships and at the same time to ensure structural security improvements. Fig. 2 shows the entire research framework.